Programming involves the preparation and writing of detailed instructions for a computer. These instructions tell the computer exactly what data to use and what sequence of operations to perform with the data. Without programs, a computer could not solve problems or deliver any other desired result.
Some people prepare their own computer programs. But in many cases, computer scientists and other computer specialist called programmers write instructions for computers. They use programming languages that consist of letter, words and symbols, as well as rules for combing those elements.
A computer cannot work directly with a program written in a programming language. The instructions must be translated into a machine language composed of binary digits. These digits represent operation codes, memory addresses, and various symbols such as plus and minus signs. Machine language is also known as low level language. Special programs called compilers and assemblers translate programming languages into machine Language. Another special type of program called an operating system contains instructions for the operation of a computer. It controls the input and output devices, and it reads and responds to user commands. It also places programs and data into the memory and makes sure that the processor executes the right programs. Thus, the operating system combines the many separate parts of a computer into a single useful system.
Compilers, assemblers and operating systems may be viewed as "smart (Intelligent) programs" because they enable a computer to understand complicated instructions. The user communicates with the smart program and the smart program communicates with the computer. A computer combined with a smart program acts like a different, smarter computer. This combination is called virtual machine.http://m.wikihow.com/Start-Learning-Computer-Programming
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